Frontex recognises the following general routes on sea and on land used by irregular migrants to enter the EU:
the Western African route
the Western Mediterranean route
the Central Mediterranean route
the Apulia and Calabria route
the circular route from Albania to Greece
the Western Balkan route (from Greece through Macedonia and Serbia to Hungary or Croatia)[109]
the Eastern Mediterranean route
the Eastern Borders route
In addition, an Arctic route (from Russia via Kirkenes to Norway) had emerged by September 2015 and was becoming one of the fastest-growing routes to enter Western Europe by November 2015.
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